英语二考研长难句高分技巧全解析
在英语二的考试中，长难句是考生普遍感到头疼的部分。这些句子结构复杂、信息量大，往往成为阅读理解和翻译题的难点。要想在考试中轻松应对，考生需要掌握一定的技巧和方法。本文将结合历年真题，深入解析长难句的常见问题，并提供实用的解题策略，帮助考生高效突破这一难点。
常见问题解答
1. 英语二长难句的主要考查类型有哪些？
In the English II exam, long sentences are a common challenge for candidates. These sentences often feature complex structures and a wealth of information, making them particularly tricky in reading comprehension and translation sections. To navigate these effectively, it's crucial to understand the types of long sentences typically tested. Generally, there are three main categories: clauses, modifiers, and inverted structures.
Firstly, clauses are frequently used to create lengthy sentences. These can be independent clauses joined by conjunctions or dependent clauses that rely on the main clause for meaning. For example, "Although the weather was terrible, she decided to go for a hike." Here, the dependent clause "Although the weather was terrible" modifies the independent clause "she decided to go for a hike." Recognizing these clauses and their functions is essential for understanding the sentence's overall meaning.
Secondly, modifiers play a significant role in complicating sentences. These can be adjectives, adverbs, or phrases that provide additional details. For instance, "The old, rusty car moved slowly down the road." In this sentence, "old" and "rusty" are adjectives modifying "car," while "moved slowly down the road" is an adverbial phrase describing the action. Understanding how these modifiers function can help break down the sentence into more manageable parts.
Lastly, inverted structures are another common feature of long sentences in English II. These involve rearranging the usual word order to create emphasis or clarity. For example, "Never before have I seen such a beautiful sunset." Here, the inverted structure "Never before" at the beginning of the sentence emphasizes the uniqueness of the experience. Identifying these structures helps in grasping the intended meaning without getting lost in the complexity.
2. 如何快速识别长难句的主干？
Identifying the main clause, or "主干," of a long sentence is a critical skill for tackling English II questions. Main clauses contain a subject and a verb and express a complete thought, while subordinate clauses, though also containing a subject and verb, depend on the main clause for their full meaning. Recognizing the difference between these clauses is key to breaking down complex sentences.
One effective strategy is to look for conjunctions that introduce subordinate clauses. Common subordinating conjunctions include "although," "because," "if," "when," and "while." For example, in the sentence "She studied hard because she wanted to pass the exam," "because she wanted to pass the exam" is a subordinate clause, while "She studied hard" is the main clause. By spotting these conjunctions, you can isolate the main clause and better understand the sentence's structure.
Another useful technique is to identify relative pronouns, such as "who," "which," and "that," which often signal the start of a subordinate clause. In the sentence "The book that I read was fascinating," "that I read" is a relative clause modifying "book," while "The book was fascinating" is the main clause. By recognizing these pronouns, you can separate the main idea from the supporting details.
Additionally, pay attention to infinitive phrases that start with "to" or gerund phrases that start with "-ing." These phrases can act as adjectives or adverbs, but they are not the main clause. For example, in "To pass the exam, she studied every night," "To pass the exam" is an infinitive phrase modifying "she studied," and "she studied every night" is the main clause. By identifying these phrases, you can focus on the central idea of the sentence.
3. 长难句在翻译题中如何处理？
Translating long sentences from English to Chinese is a common challenge in the English II exam. These sentences often contain multiple clauses, modifiers, and complex structures, making them difficult to convey accurately in another language. However, with the right approach, you can effectively translate these sentences while maintaining their original meaning.
First, break down the sentence into smaller parts. Look for the main clause and identify any subordinate clauses, modifiers, or phrases. For example, in the sentence "Although the weather was terrible, she decided to go for a hike," the main clause is "she decided to go for a hike," and the subordinate clause is "Although the weather was terrible." By separating these parts, you can translate them individually before combining them into a coherent sentence.
Next, pay attention to the order of words. English and Chinese often have different syntactic structures, so it's important to adjust the word order to fit the rules of the Chinese language. For instance, in English, adjectives usually come before the noun they modify, but in Chinese, they often come after. In the sentence "The old, rusty car moved slowly down the road," you might translate it as "那辆又旧又破的车慢慢地沿路开了下去," where the adjectives "又旧又破" come after "车."
Additionally, consider cultural differences that might affect the translation. Some English expressions might not have direct equivalents in Chinese, so you may need to find a similar expression that conveys the same meaning. For example, the English idiom "hit the nail on the head" doesn't have a direct Chinese equivalent, so you might translate it as "一针见血" to convey the same idea of being exactly right.
Finally, practice regularly with sample translations. The more you practice, the better you'll become at identifying and handling complex sentences. Use past exam papers and translation exercises to familiarize yourself with the types of long sentences you might encounter and to refine your translation skills.