今日考研英语长难句解析：
"By the time the first non-slave owners arrived in North America, the indigenous people had already been decimated by disease, warfare, and the harsh realities of colonization, leaving a significantly smaller population to face the arrival of European settlers."
此句为复合句，主句为“The indigenous people had already been decimated...”，意为“土著人已经被疾病、战争和殖民化的残酷现实摧毁”。其中，“had already been decimated”为过去完成时的被动语态，强调土著人遭受的破坏程度。从句“By the time the first non-slave owners arrived in North America”表示时间状语，意为“在第一批非奴隶主到达北美的时候”，表明了时间点。此外，“the indigenous people”指土著人，“disease, warfare, and the harsh realities of colonization”列举了导致土著人减少的原因，包括疾病、战争和殖民化的残酷现实。最后，“leaving a significantly smaller population to face the arrival of European settlers”为现在分词短语作结果状语，意为“留下了一个显著较小的人口来面对欧洲移民的到来”，说明了土著人减少的结果。
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