2016年考研英语二Text 3全文翻译如下：
In the 18th century, the industrial revolution, which began in Great Britain, was spreading throughout Europe. It was a time of great change and innovation. New machines were invented, and old ones were improved. Factories were built, and new towns sprang up. The transportation system was revolutionized with the invention of the steam engine and the development of the railway. People's lives were transformed, and their way of thinking changed as well.
The industrial revolution brought about significant changes in society. It led to the rise of the middle class and the decline of the aristocracy. It also brought about new social classes, such as the working class. The working class faced harsh working conditions and low wages. The gap between the rich and the poor widened, and social inequality became more pronounced.
In response to these social issues, various movements emerged. The labor movement fought for better working conditions and higher wages for workers. The women's movement advocated for women's rights and equality. The environmental movement sought to protect the natural environment from industrial pollution. These movements aimed to bring about social justice and improve the quality of life for all.
However, the industrial revolution also had negative consequences. The rapid industrialization led to environmental degradation. The air was polluted, and the rivers were contaminated. People's health was affected, and natural resources were depleted. The industrial revolution also brought about a new form of exploitation—child labor. Many children were forced to work in factories under harsh conditions.
Despite these challenges, the industrial revolution had a profound impact on the world. It laid the foundation for modern industrial societies. It changed the way people lived, worked, and thought. It also led to the development of new technologies and the growth of global trade.
Today, we are witnessing another revolution—the digital revolution. Just as the industrial revolution transformed the world in the 18th and 19th centuries, the digital revolution is changing our lives in the 21st century. It is creating new industries, new jobs, and new ways of doing business. It is also presenting new challenges and opportunities.
As we move forward, it is important to learn from the lessons of the industrial revolution. We must strive to create a society that is sustainable, equitable, and just. We must protect the environment, ensure fair labor practices, and promote social equality. Only by doing so can we build a better future for ourselves and for generations to come.
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