在2018年考研英语一阅读理解部分，以下是一篇全文翻译的示例：
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Passage 1
In the 1960s, when the United States was still in the throes of the Civil Rights Movement, there was a significant debate about the role of affirmative action in higher education. The debate stemmed from the belief that certain groups, historically marginalized and underrepresented, needed special consideration to ensure equal opportunities. Proponents of affirmative action argued that it was a necessary tool to counteract the effects of systemic discrimination and to create a more diverse and inclusive educational environment.
Opponents, however, contended that affirmative action was inherently unfair and discriminatory, as it favored certain individuals based on their race or ethnicity rather than their merit. They argued that it undermined the principle of equality and could lead to reverse discrimination against white students.
As the debate raged on, many institutions of higher education implemented affirmative action policies. These policies varied widely, but they generally involved the consideration of an applicant's race, ethnicity, or gender as part of the admissions process. Despite the controversy, the Supreme Court upheld the legality of affirmative action in the landmark case of Grutter v. Bollinger (2003), which allowed universities to use race as one factor among many in admissions decisions.
Today, the debate over affirmative action remains as contentious as ever. Some argue that it has been successful in promoting diversity and inclusion on college campuses, while others claim that it has perpetuated a culture of victimhood and hindered the progress of marginalized groups. Regardless of one's position, it is clear that the issue of affirmative action continues to be a critical component of the ongoing conversation about equality and justice in America.
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